Designing user interfaces for partially automated Vehicles: Effects of information and modality on trust and acceptance (2024)

Kim, S., He, X., van Egmond, R. (2024). Designing user interfaces for partially automated Vehicles: Effects of information and modality on trust and acceptance. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 103, 404-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2024.02.009

Kim, Soyeon ; He, Xiaolin ; van Egmond, René et al. / Designing user interfaces for partially automated Vehicles : Effects of information and modality on trust and acceptance. In: Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 2024 ; Vol. 103. pp. 404-419.

@article{b80b0cf372ed4d49a6af168764906e07,

title = "Designing user interfaces for partially automated Vehicles: Effects of information and modality on trust and acceptance",

abstract = "Trust and perceived safety are pivotal in the acceptance of automated vehicles and can be enhanced by providing users with automation information on the (safe) operation of the vehicle. This study aims to identify how user interfaces (UI) can enhance drivers' trust and acceptance and reduce perceived risk in partially automated vehicles. Four interfaces were designed with different levels of complexity. These levels were achieved by combining automation information (surrounding information vs surrounding and manoeuvre information) and modality (visual vs visual and auditory). These interfaces were evaluated in a driving simulator in which a partially automated vehicle reacted to an event of a merging and braking vehicle in its front. The criticality of the events was manipulated by the factors merging gap (in meters) and deceleration (m/s2) of the vehicle in front. The reaction of the automation was either to brake or to change lanes. The results show that an optimal combination of automation information and modality enhances drivers' trust and acceptance. More specifically, the most advanced UI, which provided surrounding and manoeuvre information via the visual and auditory modalities, was associated with the highest trust and acceptance ranking and the lowest perceived risk. Manoeuvre information delivered through the auditory modality was particularly effective in enhancing trust and acceptance. The benefits of the UIs were consistent over events. However, in the most critical events, drivers did not feel entirely safe and did not trust the automation completely. This study suggests that the design of UIs for partially automated vehicles shall include automation information via visual and auditory modalities.",

keywords = "Acceptance, Automated vehicles, Human-Machine Interaction, Perceived risk, Trust, User interface",

author = "Soyeon Kim and Xiaolin He and {van Egmond}, Ren{\'e} and Riender Happee",

year = "2024",

doi = "10.1016/j.trf.2024.02.009",

language = "English",

volume = "103",

pages = "404--419",

journal = "Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour",

issn = "1369-8478",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

Kim, S, He, X, van Egmond, R 2024, 'Designing user interfaces for partially automated Vehicles: Effects of information and modality on trust and acceptance', Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, vol. 103, pp. 404-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2024.02.009

Designing user interfaces for partially automated Vehicles: Effects of information and modality on trust and acceptance. / Kim, Soyeon; He, Xiaolin; van Egmond, René et al.
In: Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, Vol. 103, 2024, p. 404-419.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Designing user interfaces for partially automated Vehicles

T2 - Effects of information and modality on trust and acceptance

AU - Kim, Soyeon

AU - He, Xiaolin

AU - van Egmond, René

AU - Happee, Riender

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - Trust and perceived safety are pivotal in the acceptance of automated vehicles and can be enhanced by providing users with automation information on the (safe) operation of the vehicle. This study aims to identify how user interfaces (UI) can enhance drivers' trust and acceptance and reduce perceived risk in partially automated vehicles. Four interfaces were designed with different levels of complexity. These levels were achieved by combining automation information (surrounding information vs surrounding and manoeuvre information) and modality (visual vs visual and auditory). These interfaces were evaluated in a driving simulator in which a partially automated vehicle reacted to an event of a merging and braking vehicle in its front. The criticality of the events was manipulated by the factors merging gap (in meters) and deceleration (m/s2) of the vehicle in front. The reaction of the automation was either to brake or to change lanes. The results show that an optimal combination of automation information and modality enhances drivers' trust and acceptance. More specifically, the most advanced UI, which provided surrounding and manoeuvre information via the visual and auditory modalities, was associated with the highest trust and acceptance ranking and the lowest perceived risk. Manoeuvre information delivered through the auditory modality was particularly effective in enhancing trust and acceptance. The benefits of the UIs were consistent over events. However, in the most critical events, drivers did not feel entirely safe and did not trust the automation completely. This study suggests that the design of UIs for partially automated vehicles shall include automation information via visual and auditory modalities.

AB - Trust and perceived safety are pivotal in the acceptance of automated vehicles and can be enhanced by providing users with automation information on the (safe) operation of the vehicle. This study aims to identify how user interfaces (UI) can enhance drivers' trust and acceptance and reduce perceived risk in partially automated vehicles. Four interfaces were designed with different levels of complexity. These levels were achieved by combining automation information (surrounding information vs surrounding and manoeuvre information) and modality (visual vs visual and auditory). These interfaces were evaluated in a driving simulator in which a partially automated vehicle reacted to an event of a merging and braking vehicle in its front. The criticality of the events was manipulated by the factors merging gap (in meters) and deceleration (m/s2) of the vehicle in front. The reaction of the automation was either to brake or to change lanes. The results show that an optimal combination of automation information and modality enhances drivers' trust and acceptance. More specifically, the most advanced UI, which provided surrounding and manoeuvre information via the visual and auditory modalities, was associated with the highest trust and acceptance ranking and the lowest perceived risk. Manoeuvre information delivered through the auditory modality was particularly effective in enhancing trust and acceptance. The benefits of the UIs were consistent over events. However, in the most critical events, drivers did not feel entirely safe and did not trust the automation completely. This study suggests that the design of UIs for partially automated vehicles shall include automation information via visual and auditory modalities.

KW - Acceptance

KW - Automated vehicles

KW - Human-Machine Interaction

KW - Perceived risk

KW - Trust

KW - User interface

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85191897074&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.trf.2024.02.009

DO - 10.1016/j.trf.2024.02.009

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85191897074

SN - 1369-8478

VL - 103

SP - 404

EP - 419

JO - Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour

JF - Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour

ER -

Kim S, He X, van Egmond R, Happee R. Designing user interfaces for partially automated Vehicles: Effects of information and modality on trust and acceptance. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 2024;103:404-419. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2024.02.009